The 1861 Confederate Half Dollar stands as a testament to a tumultuous period in American history. With only four original specimens known to exist, this coin has become one of the most coveted treasures among collectors, with recent sales exceeding $1.5 million.
Historical Context
In 1861, as the United States teetered on the brink of civil war, the Confederacy sought to establish its own currency. The New Orleans Mint, under Confederate control, produced four half dollars featuring a unique reverse design symbolizing the Confederate States of America. These coins were not intended for general circulation but served as prototypes.
Design and Specifications
| Feature | Details |
|---|---|
| Obverse Design | Lady Liberty seated, holding a shield and liberty cap, surrounded by 13 stars |
| Reverse Design | Shield with a liberty cap above, encircled by a wreath and the inscription “CONFEDERATE STATES OF AMERICA” and “HALF DOL.” |
| Composition | 90% silver, 10% copper |
| Weight | 12.44 grams |
| Diameter | 30.6 mm |
| Edge | Reeded |
Rarity and Provenance
The extreme rarity of this coin is attributed to the limited mintage of just four pieces. Each has a well-documented provenance:
- Jefferson Davis Specimen: Once owned by the President of the Confederacy, this coin has changed hands among prominent collectors.
- B.F. Taylor Specimen: Held by the Chief Coiner of the New Orleans Mint, it later entered private collections.
- J.L. Riddell Specimen: Belonging to the Chief Melter and Refiner, it has been part of various esteemed collections.
- E. Ames Specimen: Initially owned by a New Orleans businessman, its history is equally illustrious.
Auction Records
The value of the 1861 Confederate Half Dollar has seen a significant appreciation over the years:
- 2015: A specimen graded Proof 30 by NGC sold for $881,250.
- 2017: Another example, graded Proof 40 by NGC, fetched a record $960,000 at auction.
- 2023: The most recent sale saw a specimen surpassing the $1.5 million mark, underscoring its escalating value.
Factors Influencing Value
Several elements contribute to the coin’s substantial worth:
- Historical Significance: As one of the few coins minted by the Confederacy, it holds immense historical value.
- Rarity: With only four originals, its scarcity is unparalleled.
- Condition: Coins in superior condition command higher prices.
- Provenance: A well-documented ownership history enhances desirability.
Identifying Authentic Specimens
Due to its value, the 1861 Confederate Half Dollar has been subject to counterfeiting. To ensure authenticity:
- Certification: Seek verification from reputable grading services like NGC or PCGS.
- Provenance: Verify the coin’s ownership history.
- Physical Examination: Consult with numismatic experts familiar with Confederate coinage.
Conclusion
The 1861 Confederate Half Dollar is more than a coin; it’s a relic of American history. Its rarity and historical significance make it a prized possession for collectors, with values now exceeding $1.5 million.
FAQs
How many 1861 Confederate Half Dollars exist?
Only four original specimens are known.
Why are these coins so valuable?
Their limited mintage, historical context, and documented provenance contribute to their high value.
How can I verify the authenticity of such a coin?
Obtain certification from reputable grading services and consult numismatic experts.
Have there been any recent sales of this coin?
Yes, a specimen sold in 2023 for over $1.5 million.
Are there replicas or restrikes of this coin?
Yes, restrikes exist and are less valuable than the originals.
